The latest reports from the IPCC and IPBES emphasize that this decade is pivotal for addressing the interconnected crises of climate change, biodiversity loss, and land degradation. The AR6 Synthesis Report builds on evidence from the IPCC Special Report on 1.5°C, highlighting the need for an integrated, equitable approach to these challenges. NbS offer a comprehensive framework by fostering partnerships between people and nature. Properly implemented, NbS enhance ecosystem and societal resilience, address climate hazards (e.g., floods, droughts, wildfires), and protect marginalized communities’ rights. However, global NbS implementation remains fragmented, with government investments in harmful actions exceeding those in NbS by 3–7 times. Additionally, sectors lack a shared understanding of what constitutes NbS, how to develop effective policies, and how to achieve integrated climate-biodiversity outcomes.

Given that NbS bring together a diverse range of sectoral and thematic actions, effective implementation would only be possible through coherent, coordinated and joint actions at subnational, national and regional levels.
At COP27 in December 2022, the Egyptian Presidency launched the ENACT Partnership (Enhancing Nature-based Solutions for an Accelerated Climate Transformation) with support from Germany and the IUCN. This global coalition unites state and non-state actors to address gaps in coherence and collaboration in implementing NbS. ENACT emphasises the need for transformative change, defined by the IPBES as a fundamental, system-wide reorganization of technological, economic, and social systems, to tackle climate change, biodiversity loss, and land degradation while promoting a right-based approach. The partnership aims to integrate NbS into all sectors (e.g., energy, agriculture, transportation) and the Rio Conventions by providing a collective, evidence-based policy voice.